5 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................. 9 Illustrations............................................................................................................. 11 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 13 PART ONE ............................................................................................................... 29 ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ADAPTATION................................................. 29 CHAPTER ONE......................................................................................................... 31 A TYPOLOGY OF ADAPTATION................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER TWO........................................................................................................ 43 TRANSLATION, ADAPTATION – ARE WE MISSING ANYTHING? .............................. 43 2.1. From text to … text...................................................................................... 43 2.2 From text to the stage .................................................................................. 48 2.3. Adapting for the screen............................................................................... 57 2.4. The influence of politics, culture and historical background on the process of adaptation...................................................................................................... 61 CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................... 65 THE SEVEN LIVES OF SHAKESPEARE Á LA DÉRIVE................................................... 65 CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................... 76 SHAKESPEARE AND POPULAR CULTURE................................................................. 76 CHAPTER FIVE......................................................................................................... 89 FROM APPROPRIATION TO PARODY ...................................................................... 89 PART II:.................................................................................................................... 97 THE LAMB BROTHERS’ LEGACY............................................................................... 97 CHAPTER SIX ........................................................................................................... 99 THE NEED FOR A SHAKESPEARE RETOLD................................................................ 99 6.1. Francis Gentleman and Bell’s Edition of Shakespeare .............................. 100 6.2. Jean-Baptiste Perrin and his Morality Tales.............................................. 103 6 6.3. The Lambs’ “Tales from Shakespeare” – the imperfect abridgements..... 106 CHAPTER SEVEN.................................................................................................... 117 TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE MADE EVEN SHORTER – THE BARD ABBREVIATED . 117 7.1 Shakespeare sanitized: The Twenty Beautiful Stories from Shakespeare: A Home Study Course.......................................................................................... 118 7.2 The magic of the comic strip: Marcia Williams and her Tales from Shakespeare...................................................................................................... 120 CHAPTER EIGHT .................................................................................................... 137 THE JAPANESE ADVENTURE OF THE BARD –........................................................ 137 MANGA SHAKESPEARE ......................................................................................... 137 8. 1 What’s Manga, after all? ........................................................................... 137 8.2 Shakespeare in Japan – a very short introduction ..................................... 140 8.3 Is Shakespeare Manga an example of glocalization? ................................. 142 8.4 Visual solutions: Shojo Manga or Shakespeare re-glocalized .................... 147 PART FOUR ........................................................................................................... 157 FROM ANIMATED SHAKESPEARE TO TV SERIALS: HOW ABOUT LEARNING KLINGON? ............................................................................................................. 157 CHAPTER NINE...................................................................................................... 159 ANIMATED SHAKESPEARE/SHAKESPEARE ANIME................................................ 159 9.1 Shakespeare: The Animated Tales.............................................................. 161 9.2 Shakespeare animated through the Japanese Filter.................................. 166 CHAPTER TEN........................................................................................................ 175 ALL THE GALAXY’S A STAGE: READING SHAKESPEARE IN KLINGON..................... 175 10.1 Shakespeare in outer-space ..................................................................... 175 10.2 Is there such a thing as “Shakespeare in Klingon”?.................................. 182 10.3 Shakespeare’s Star Wars – the textual adaptation gone extreme........... 190 CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................... 197 HOW THE YOUTUBE CONNECTS THEM ALL.......................................................... 197 7 POSTSCRIPT .......................................................................................................... 203 THE THIRTEENTH NIGHT....................................................................................... 203 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................... 207 Primary Sources................................................................................................ 207 Secondary Sources............................................................................................ 208 Further Reading................................................................................................ 219 APPENDIX 1........................................................................................................... 231 Shakespeare in Fiction.......................................................................................... 231