Lucrarea de fata se adreseaza unui public larg, avand, in mod special, in vedere pe cei ce studiaza limba engleza in invatamantul superior nefilologic; in egala masura , lucrarea se adreseaza profesorilor din invatamantul preuniversitar, cat si elevilor, in sustinerea examenului de bacalaureat sau de admitere la facultate, precum si tuturor celor ce doresc sa aprofundeze acele aspecte ale gramaticii limbii engleze ce se refera la substantiv si determinantii acestuia. Aceste aspecte au fost considerate suficient de interesante si in acelasi timp complexe pentru ca detalierea lor, prin multitudinea situatiilor pe care le releva din diferite puncte de vedere, sa poata constitui un studiu in sine

Astfel, scopul cartii este de a oferi celor interesati o abordare teoretica a problemelor puse in discutie din perspectiva descriptiva, dar cu o vadita finalitate practica; este un lucru bine cunoscut ca vorbitorul adult al unei limbi straine dobandeste un plus de incredere in momentul in care constientizeaza si isi insuseste, prin activitati practice, regulile conform carora o limba functioneaza

Conceptia ce a stat la baza organizarii lucrarii a fost stransa interdependenta dintre lexic, morfologie si sintaxa, cuvantul fiind in permanenta considerat in context, ca urmare a numarului restrans de forme flexionare, datorat caracterului profund analitic al limbii engleze. S‑a avut asadar in vedere faptul ca aspectele de gramatica ale limbii engleze pot fi cel mai bine studiate si interpretate prin aplicarea unor cri­terii sintactice o data cu analiza faptelor morfologice, cu insistenta asupra unor incadrari sintactico-contextuale (de exemplu: cazurile substantivului se pot recunoaste prin functia lor sintactica)

Propunandu-si de a veni in sprijinul unei cat mai corecte intelegeri a problemelor discutate, s-a incercat o cat mai adecvata sistematizare a acestora, valorificandu-se si punctele de vedere expuse in prestigioase lucrari de specialitate in domeniu

Avand in vedere scopul practic al lucrarii, prezentarea aspectelor teoretice s-a realizat intr-o maniera cat mai accesibila, fiind sustinute de modele si exemple avand ca sursa, in primul rand, limba vorbita, dar si citate din autori englezi cunoscuti

In consecinta, s-a evitat o abordare prescriptiva in care structurile ar fi putut fi considerate fixe, ci dimpotriva, prin numeroasele NOTE incluse in text, situatiile „vii“, specifice limbii engleze contemporane, au fost evidentiate, comentate si exemplificate

Fiind, pe langa o lucrare teoretica, un instrument de lucru indi­vidual, dar si in cadru organizat, fiecare capitol este incheiat cu un grupaj de activitati practice care isi propun fixarea aspectelor teoretice abordate

Cheia raspunsurilor la aceste activitati se gaseste in finalul lucrarii

Avand in vedere scopul urmarit prin lucrarea de fata, precum si categoriile de public caruia i se adreseaza, materialul prezentat poate fi utilizat in mod selectiv, in functie de aspectul ce prezinta interes pentru cititor

Orice sugestii privind volumul de fata vor fi luate in considerare cu toata atentia si gratitudinea, in vederea completarii si imbunatatirii unor eventuale editii viitoare.

Contents

I. INTRODUCTION

II THE NOUN

1. General considerations

1.1 Definition

1.2 Formal aspect of nouns

1.3 Syntactic functions of the noun

2. Classification of nouns

2.1 Classification of nouns according to form

2.1.1 Classification of nouns according to composition

2.1.2 Classification of nouns according to derivation

2.1.3 Classification of nouns according to conversion

PRACTICE 1

2.2 Classification of nouns according to content and/or grammatical approach

2.2.1 Common and proper nouns

2.2.2 Concrete and abstract nouns

2.2.3 Content and grammatical approach in classifying nouns

2.2.4 Count and non-count nouns

PRACTICE 2

3. Grammatical categories

3.1 Gender

3.1.1 Definition and forms

3.1.2 Grammatical aspects regarding gender

3.1.3 Special cases

PRACTICE 3

3.2 Number

3.2.1 Definition

3.2.2 Formation of the plural number of the count nouns

3.2.2.1 General rule

3.2.2.2 Irregular plurals

3.2.2.3 Foreign plurals

3.2.2.4 Plural of compound nouns

3.2.2.5 Plural of proper nouns

3.2.2.6 Special cases of plural forms

3.2.2.7 Plural of nouns indicating nationality

3.2.2.8 Zero plural nouns

3.2.2.9 Collective nouns/Group nouns

3.2.3.10 Some special cases

A. Nouns with different meanings in the singular form

B. Nouns with different meanings in the plural form

C. Nouns with different forms and meanings in the plural form

3.2.3 Non-count/Uncountable nouns

3.2.3.1 Singular (Invariable) nouns/Non-count/ Uncountable nouns used only in the singular

3.2.3.2 Plural (Invariable) nouns/Non-count/ Uncountable nouns used only in the plural

3.2.3.3 The use of plural nouns

PRACTICE 4

3.3 Case

3.3.1 Introduction

3.3.2 The Nominative

3.3.2.1 Definition

3.3.2.2 Syntactic functions

3.3.3 The Genitive

3.3.3.1 Definition

3.3.3.2 Syntactic functions

3.3.3.3 The forms of the genitive

A. The synthetic genitive

B. The prepositional genitive

3.3.3.4 The double genitive

3.3.3.5 The choice of the genitive form

3.3.4 The Dative

3.3.4.1 Definition

3.3.4.2 The forms of the dative

3.3.4.3 Syntactic functions

3.3.5 The Accusative

3.3.5.1 Definition and form

3.3.5.2 Syntactic functions

3.3.6 The Vocative (the Nominative of Address)

PRACTICE 5

III DETERMINERS

1. Introduction

2. The Article

2.1 Definition

2.2 Form

2.3 The definite article

2.3.1 Form and pronunciation

2.3.2 Functions of the indefinite article

2.3.3 The non-significant definite article

2.3.4 The definite article and other parts of speech

2.4 The indefinite article

2.4.1 Form and pronunciation

2.4.2 Position of the indefinite article

2.4.3 Functions of the indefinite article

2.5 The zero article

2.5.1 Functions of the zero-article

2.5.2 Zero-article vs. elipsis of the article

PRACTICE 6

3. Other determiners

3.1 Possessive determiners

3.2 Demonstrative determiners

3.3 Interrogative determiners

3.4 Pronominal-relative determiners

3.5 Exclamatory determiners

3.6 Indefinite determiners

4. Premodifiers

4.1 Predeterminers

4.2 Postdeterminers

4.3 Quantifiers

4.3.1 The close-class quantifiers

4.3.2 The open-class quantifiers

PRACTICE 7

ANSWER KEY

BIBLIOGRAPHY