Indroduction 7

1. Basic concepts. Gramatical rules and linguistic units 13

2. Clauses, phrases and world 25

3. Clause constituents and clause elements. The subject an the verbal. Transitivity 49

4. Clause constituents and clause elements. Objects, complements and adverbials. Verb complementation patterns 67

5. The phrase 105

6. The noun phrase 111

7. The verb phrase, the adjective phrase, the adverb phrase and the prepositional phrase 125

8. World classes 141

9. Grammatical categories 155

10. The noun and the verb 189

11. The adjective 223

12. The adverb 249

13. Supplementary resources 271