Oral Communication in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom is a qualitative ethnographic research of naturally-occurring classroom interactions in a formal instructional context. The research zooms in on teaching practices and everyday oral interactions between the participants in an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom in order to identify mechanisms and patterns at the level of oral production and interaction between students and teachers, but also to investigate how communicative competence is developed in this context, considering the learners’ declared goal of sitting a language exam with an oral component. The findings of this study are useful starting points to raise teachers’ awareness concerning what and how they communicate with students and how these exchanges shape the students’ communicative competence.